120 years ago, the Ethiopian Empire (known back then as Abyssinia) successfully defended itself against invasion from Italy. The Battle of Adwa was fought on March 1, 1896 between Ethiopia and Italy in the town of Adwa, Ethiopia. Emperor Menelik II lead his Ethiopian troops to victory by defeating the Italian army sent to conquer the Empire.

This battle marked Ethiopia’s victory in the first Italo-Ethiopian War and secured Ethiopia’s freedom and sovereignty. Ethiopia was the only African nation that was not colonized. The Battle of Adwa is one of the most significant turning points in the history of Africa. For Ethiopia and the rest of Africa, the victory against Italy at Adwa is regarded as a powerful symbol of African resistance, valor, strength, and hope against European colonization and oppression.

The victory of Adwa is celebrated with pride each year by Ethiopia and its international diaspora. March 1st is a national holiday in Ethiopia, in honor of the victory of Adwa. Many Ethiopians will attend public ceremonies and cultural events, and visit monuments and cemeteries to honor those who fought and died in the Battle. A wreath is usually placed under the monument of Emperor Menelik II in Menelik Square.